Infections arising from healthcare-associated catheters cause 99,000 deaths in the US annually and an enormous cost for those who survive.  Researchers at the University of Michigan, however, have found a possible solution—an “electromodulated smart catheter.”  Like other catheters, this is a tube, but it is capable of sensing changes in pH that result from a growing bacterial film and then automatically release nitric oxide to control the pathogens.   MORE